Biology I Unit III:

Unit Three Packet: The Cell and Its Reactions

Unit Outline:

10-1:  Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

                HW:  Cell Drawings

10-2:  Cell Organelles (Day One)

                HW: What is THAT?

10-3:  Cell Organelles (Day Two)

 10-4 1st Nine Weeks Exam

10-5 1st Nine Weeks Exam           

10-8:  Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Review

                HW:  Cell Drawings

10-9:  Cell Organelles (Day One) Review

                HW: What is THAT?

10-10:  Cell Organelles (Day Two) Review

Weekly Quiz

                HW:  Cell Organelle Crossword

10-11: Plants Vs. Animal Cells

                HW: Unit Three Review Sheet One

10-12: Results (Lab Report Expectations)

          Vocabulary Quiz

                Results Section Lab

                HW:  Lab Write-up (R)

10-15:  Passive Transport

                Passive Transport Demos

              HW:  Carrot and Balloon Demo Conclusion Questions

10-16:  Active Transport               

                HW: Transport Essay

                         Egg Demo Conclusion Questions

10-17:  Photosynthesis (Day One)

           Weekly Quiz

                HW:  RAFT Energy Letter

10-18: Photosynthesis (Day Two)

                HW: Unit Three Review Sheet Two 

10-19: Photosynthesis Lab

         Vocabulary Quiz

                HW: Lab Write-up (R)

10-22: Aerobic Respiration (Day One)

                Yeast Lab

                HW: Lab Conclusion Questions

10-23: Aerobic Respiration (Day Two)

              HW: Respiration and Photosynthesis Comparison Essay

10-24: CELL PROJECT PRESENTATIONS

         Weekly Quiz

10-25: Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Respiration

                HW: Unit Three Review Sheet Three

10-26:  Lactic Acid Fermentation Lab

           Vocabulary quiz

                HW: Lab Write-up (R)

10-29: Use of Anaerobic Fermentation in Food

                HW: Fermentation RAFT letter

10-30: Connecting Photosynthesis & Respiration

                HW: Unit Three Review Sheet Four

10-31: Materials/Methods/Results Review Lab

          Weekly and Vocabulary Quizzes

HW: Lab Write-up (R)

11-1: Unit Three Review

11-2:  Unit Three Test

Unit Three Vocabulary

Week One Vocab (Latin Prefixes)

Cyto-                                                                     Cell                                                         ex) Cytoskeleton

Endo-                                                                    Inside                                                    ex) Endocytosis

Eu-                                                                         True                                                       ex) Eukaryotic

Exo-                                                                       Outside                                                ex) Exoskeleton

Photo-                                                                  Light                                                       ex) Photosynthesis

Pro-                                                                       Before                                                  ex) Prokaryotic

Week Two Vocab:

Diffusion- The movement of particles from high to low concentrations to reach equilibrium.

Equilibrium-a stable state where particles move in both directions at the same speed.

Hypotonic- More concentrated particles on the inside, water moves in to the cell.

Hypertonic- More concentrated particles on the outside, water moves out of the cell.

Isotonic- When particles are equal inside and out resulting in no net movement of water.

Osmosis- The diffusion of water to allow for equal concentrations of particles

Week Three Vocab (Latin Prefixes):

Auto-                                                                    Self                                                         ex) Automatic

Dis-                                                                        Apart, out                                            ex) Disperse

Hetero-                                                                Different, other                                ex) Heterosexual

Homo-                                                                  Same                                                     ex) Homosexual

Pre-                                                                       Before                                                  ex) Prerequisite

Re-                                                                         Again, back                                         ex) Repeat

Week Four Vocab (Latin Prefixes):

Aero-                                                                    Air                                                           ex) Aerosol

Geo-                                                                     Earth, Land                                          ex) Geology

Hydro-                                                                  Water                                                    ex) Hydraulic

Phag-                                                                    Eat                                                          ex) Phagocytosis

Pino-                                                                     Drink                                                      ex) Pinocytosis

Pyr-                                                                        Fire                                                        ex) Pyre

Notes Packet Reference Pages 6-9

Songs in Unit: Cell Organelles, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration

Projects: Cell Organelle Booklets

To obtain a digital copy of all handouts and worksheets email a request to youngsciencerocks@gmail.com c/o Miss Young

 

TEST TOMORROW!!!

Unit II Biology I

The Cell Chapter 6 AP Biology!!!!

Biology I TOP 10 (As of 09/17/12)

Biology I TopTEN (in order as of 09/17/12)

1. Stephan Henderson
2. Rashawn Clark
3. Kenwaski Mason
4. Leonicus Kimble
5. Ayana Love
6. Daryn Sanders
7. Rayshonn Brown
8. Kelly Common
9. DaJarvis Harris
10. Zarius Moore

Biology I Unit II Advanced-Proficient

Unit II Weekly Quiz 1

Advanced 90-100 * Perfect Score

Rashawn Clark
Derrick Cooper
Dominique Common
Jasmine Johnson
*Daryn Sanders
Kenwana Donelson
Kenwaski Mason
Stephan Henderson
Ayana Love

Proficient 80-89

Kelly Common
MiCarria Conway
Al Spann

Unit II Vocabulary Quiz I

Advanced 90-100 * Perfect Score

Bridgette Archie

Mi'Carria Conway

*Lajerrona Robertson

*Rayshonn Brown

*Rubetta Denton

Stephan Henderson

* Ayana Love

Al Spann

*Myiesha Applon

Danita Howard

*Kenwaski Mason

*Daryn Sanders

*Antoinette Spann

Proficient 80-89

Derrick Cooper

Tiara Pool

Maya Ross

Stanley Montgomery

Devontae Robertson

Demarkis Weatherall

Leonicus Kimble

Zarius Moore

Elmaurico Lee

Willie NIcholson

Biology I Unit I EXAM Advanced-Proficient

Unit I Exam

Advanced 90-100

Rashawn Clark

Kelly Common

Dajarvis Harris

Eddie Redmond

Dominique Common

Kvondrick Parker

Lajerrona Robertson

Rayshonn Brown

Rubetta Denton

Stephan Henderson

Ayana Love

Zarius Moore

Kenwaski Mason

Unit I Exam

Proficient 80-89

Derrick Cooper

Maya Ross

Arquise Rowe

Bridgette Archie

Jasmine Cooper

Jakyle Harris

Jasmine Johnson

Stanley Montgomery

Shalicia Baker

Al Spann

Leonicus Kimble

Demarkis Weatherall

Zatkyia Dean

Kenwana Donelson

Danita Howard

Elmaurico Lee

Travious Russell

Daryn Sanders

Antoinette Spann

Biology I Vocabulary Quiz 3 Advanced/ Proficient

Unit I Vocabulary Quiz III

Advanced >90%  *Perfect Score

*Jaquarrius Outlaw

*Jasmine Cooper

*Dermarkis Weatherall

*Devontae Robertson

*Micarria Conway

*Dominique Common

*Lajerrona Robertson

*Jasmine Johnson

*Bridgette Archie

*Stanley Montgomery

Glennarius Granderson

*Antoinette Spann

*Myiesha Applon

*Elmaurico Lee

*Danita Howard

*Daryn Sanders

*Kenwaski Mason

Nekeaser Mitchell

*Al Spann

*Ayana Love

*Rayshonn Brown

*Zarius Moore

*Le’Onicus Kimble

*Stephan Henderson

*Derrick Cooper

*Rubetta Denton

Kelly Common

*Rashawn Clark

*Tiara Pool

*Maya Ross

*Eddie Redmond

LeeIjanae Brewer

Carlos Nelson

DaJarvis Harris

Unit I Vocabulary Quiz III

Proficient 80-89

Arquise Rowe

Mr. and Miss Biology I 2012-2013

Mr. and Miss Biology 2012-2013

Kelly Common and Daryn Sanders

Kelly Common Highest Female Average August 2012

Daryn Sanders 2nd Highest Male average August 2012

Mr. and Miss A. P. Biology

R-L: Benisha Dancer, Shuterrica White, *David Pitchford

Mr. and MissA. P. Biology 2012-2013

David Pitchford and Jessica Brownlow

August Students of The Month

Biology I: August 2012

Stephan Henderson

Advanced Placement Biology

Keturah Ollie-Hayes

Biology I Unit II: The Chemistry of Life Notes

Atoms

Atoms are the building blocks for all matter

Atoms are made of protons (positive), neutrons (neutral or no charge), and electrons (negative)

Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus at the center of an atom, electrons are in shells around the nucleus.  The number of protons and electrons are equal so the atom has no charge.

Atomic number: the number of protons in an atom.  Tells you what element it is.

Mass number: the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.  Tells you its mass.

Ions:  Formed when an atom gains or losses an electron and becomes charged (positive if it lost an electron, negative if it gained an electron).

Importance of ions:  Almost all reactions and processes in the body involve ions including the sending of message from the brain to the rest of the body and the movement of substances into and out of cells.

Types of Bonds

Molecule:  When two or more atoms are bonded together.

Chemical bond:  a process where the electrons furthest from the center of the atom are shared or transferred to another atom so that all the atoms have a full outer shell.

Ionic bonds: electrons are transferred between atoms to form ions.  The ions are attracted to each other to form the bond.  They both fill their own outer shells.  They can be identified because of the labeled charges on each of the ions.

Covalent bonds: electrons are shared between atoms and this forms the bond.  They both share their outer shells.  The can be identified by the overlap or sharing of the electrons.

Hydrogen bonds:  Formed between the partial positive charge of hydrogen in a polar compound and the partial negative charge in another atom it is bonded to.  Especially important in water.

Chemistry of Water

Water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom bonding through a polar covalent bond.

This makes it polar (one + end and one – end)à see picture above.

When 2 water molecules stick together they form a Hydrogen bond

Special Properties of Water because of its polar nature:

Universal solvent: because of its polarity, other polar and ionic compounds dissolve in it easily

Adhesion: water “sticking” to another surface

Cohesion: water “sticking” to water

High heat capacity: it takes a lot of heat/energy to change the temperature of water

Surface tension: caused by cohesion of water; makes it have a “surface”, bugs can walk on it

Expands when freezing:  unlike most substances which shrink when they freeze, water expands

pH

Acids are compounds that form H+ ions in a solution.  Bases are compounds that form OH- ions in a solution
The pH scale measures the concentration of H+ ions in solution

                                                1-6=acidic          7.0= neutral (pure water)        8-14= basic

Importance of acids/bases in the body-

                You must have a strong acid (pH 1.5) in the stomach to break down food into smaller pieces

                The pH of the blood must be 7.4.  If you get too much CO₂ in the blood, the blood will become too acidic

All organisms are designed to work at a specific pH-when they are put into environments with different pHs, they will no longer be able to function because the enzymes in their body would no longer work!

Neutralization:  when an acid and base mix, they will neutralize and create water.

Buffer:  a system that prevents change.  When acid is added, it will create a base to neutralize it.  When base is added, it will create an acid to neutralize it.

Four Major Organic Compounds

Organic compounds: compounds that are built around CARBON that is covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other elements (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen).  Chemistry of LIFE.

A. Carbohydrates:

Structure:  Made of C, H, and O

Monosaccharides: simple sugars.  Ex) glucose, fructose

Polysaccharides: chains of many sugars.  Ex)Glycogen, Starch  and Cellulose

Examples: bread, rice, pasta
Function: Provide short-term energy

B. Lipids:

Structure: triglycerides (glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acid chains)

Saturated:  no double bonds in the fatty acids

Unsaturated:  one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chains

Cholesterol: rings            Phospholipids:  two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Examples: fats & oils

Function: give lots of energy (long-term energy)

C.  Proteins:

Structure=chain of amino acids (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

Examples=meat, beans, and nuts

Function=structural (bone & muscle), enzymes

D. Nucleic acids:

Structure: chain of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base)

Examples: DNA & RNA

Function: Store genetic information

Enzymes

Made of proteins.  Lowers the activation energy to increase the rate of a reaction.

Enzymes do not change in the course of the reaction-it gets reused over and over.

Activation energy: the energy required to make a reaction go

Substrate: the material that the enzyme acts on

Product: the results of the reaction, what the substrate turns into

Active site: this is the place the reaction occurs on the enzyme

Enzymes are incredibly specific.  Their shape determines what types of compounds they react with.  An enzyme and its substrate are like a lock and key-only the specific key will work for each lock.

Enzymes work best at specific pH, temperatures, and concentrations.

When it gets too cold, the enzyme does not interact with the substrates fast enough to help the reaction.  When it gets too hot for an enzyme, it will denature (fall apart like melting). 

If it gets too high or too low in pH, the enzyme will be destroyed.

The concentration of the enzyme and substrate is a balance-not enough of either and there will either be enzyme that is not interacting with a substrate or there will be substrate that will not be reacting.

ATP Structure and Function

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):  It stores energy needed for cells to undergo life processes.  It is made of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphates groups.  The energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates-when you break the bonds, you release energy.  When you add a bond, you store energy.

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate):  Is like ATP but is only has two phosphates which means less bonds and thus it stores less energy.  ADP is what we create when we use ATP by removing a phosphate.

 

ATP is the energy source for all cellular processes.  Whenever you are asked how a cell gets energy, it is using ATP and breaking the bonds to release the energy.  This is how it gets energy to build things in the cell and move things into and out of the cell.